Stepping through a course - Lesson 28

A very short lesson today. Only two new verbs, one of which I've added at the end of the lesson.

Dialog - 

M: Gidanokii na?
F: Gidaa-anokii.
F: Nimaamaa ashange.
F: Maamaanaan ashange.
M: Aaniindi wii-ashanged? (Not part of Pimsleur)
* * * * * * * * * * * *

Here's a line-by-line breakdown:

M: Gidanokii na?

• Are you going to go to work?

F: Gidaa-anokii.

• You should go to work.

F: Nimaamaa ashange.

• The new verb "ashange" means to serve food or to feed. She says " My mother is serving food."

F: Maamaanaan ashange.

• Grandmother is serving food.

M: Aaniindi wii-ashanged? (I've added this myself as an example of using the verb in a question.)

• When will she serve food?

New words this lesson:

• ashange - feed, serve food

Other vocabulary:

• naboobiike - make soup
• gichi-oginii-naboob - tomato soup
• Geyaabi imbakade, - I'm still hungry. 
• Giwii-naboobiike na? - Will you make some soup?

Stepping through a course - Lesson 27

This lesson is about introductions. I don't really know why Pimsleur waited until so late in the course to teach them. I personally think they should have been introduced way back when Giniw and Waabigwan met each other.

I've also included vocabulary and examples at the end of the lesson for work, both as a noun and as a verb.

Dialog -

M: Aaniish ezhinikaazoyan?
F: Waabigwan indizhinikaaz.
M: Giniw indizhinikaaz.
F: Awenen gidoodem?
M: Maang nindoodem.
F: Giigoonh nindoodem.
* * * * * * * * * * * *

Here's a breakdown, line by line:

M: Aaniish ezhinikaazoyan?

• The new verb ezhinikaazo, be called is introduced here. He's asking "What is your name? (Literally, it's "What are you named/called?")

F: Waabigwan indizhinikaaz.

• She answers "My name is/I am called Waabigwan."

M: Giniw indizhinikaaz.

• He says "My name is/I am called Giniw/"

F: Awenen gidoodem?

• Here, we use the question word "Who" because our next new word - doodem, meaning "clan", is based on the belief that a human being became a certain other being, or animal. She's asking "What clan do you belong to?" (Literally "Who is your clan?")

M: Maang nindoodem.

• Maang means "loon", He answers "I am from the Loon clan."

F: Giigoonh nindoodem.

• Giigoonh means "fish". She says "I am from the Fish clan."

New words this lesson:

• awenen - who
• doodem - clan
• maang - loon
• giigoonh - fish
• izhinikaazo - be called, be named
• bimose- walk

Other vocabulary:

• anokii - work (verb)
• Bi-anokiin. - Come and work. (Bi- introduced in Summary, Lessons 1-10)
• Ningii-anokii dibikong. - I worked last night.
• Ningii-gichi-anokii. - I worked hard/I worked a lot.
• Nitaa-anokii. - He/She works frequently/often.

• anokiiwin - work, job (noun)
• maajaa - leave, depart (introduced in Lesson 14)
• Nimaajaa nindanokiiwing. - I'm going to (my) work.
• Ishkwaa-wiisiniyaan, niwii-majaa nindanokiiwing. - I'll go to work after I eat.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 26

In this lesson we talk about feeling cold, and I also add a couple examples of cold weather at the end, using a new clause-builder, or connector - "because" or "that's why". We also learn how to ask what's happening and how to answer.

Dialog -
M: Aaniish apii wii-piindigewaad?
F: Gigiikaji na?
M: Enh, ingiikaj.
F: Gaawiin, ingiikajisii.
F: Aaniish ezhiwebak?
* * * * * * * * * * * *

Here's a line-by-line breakdown:

M: Aaniish apii wii-piindigewaad?

• Because "wii-" is affixed to "bindige", the "b" changes to a "p". He says "When are they coming?"

F: Gigiikaji na?

• Here's a new verb, "giikaji" be or feel cold.  She's asking "Are you cold?"

M: Henh, ingiikaj.

• Yes, I'm cold. (Notice the way the verb is conjugated.)

F: Gaawiin, ingiikajisii.

• And the negative response "No, I'm not cold." (Notice that an "i" is inserted before the negative suffix "sii".)

F: Aaniish ezhiwebak?

• Here's another new verb - izhiwebad, meaning "happens". She's asking "What's happening?/What's new?" (Again, notice that because we're using a question word, we need to conjugate the verb in the conjunct form.)

New words this lesson:

• gimiwan - be raining
• giikaji - feel cold, be feeling cold
• izhiwebad - happen so, be an event

Other vocabulary:

• gaawiin gegoo - nothing
• ganage - in the least, at all
• Aaniish ezhiwebak? Gaawiin ganage gegoo. - What's happening? Nothing at all.

• wenji- that's why/because **
• Gisinaa agwajiing wenji-zoogipon. - It's cold out, that's why it's snowing.

• ondin - wind comes from [A CERTAIN DIRECTION]
• giwedin - north
• Giiwedinong ondaanimad wenji-gisinaag. - The wind is from the north, that's why it's cold.

** A note on wenji- :

As far as I can tell, there is no straightforward way to say "because" in Ojibwe. It's translated more as "that's why", so usually we see the clauses reversed from what they would be in English.

So "Gisinaa agwajiing wenji-zoogipon." can mean either "It's cold out, that's why it's snowing." or "It's snowing because it's cold out." and "Giiwedinong ondaanimad wenji-gisinaag." can mean either "The wind is from the north, that's why it's cold." or "It's cold because the wind is from the north."

Stepping through a course - Lesson 25

This really should have been combined with Lesson 24, since Pimsleur only introduces the animate form of the verb "smells good" and an animate noun. I've added a few more vocabulary examples to play with, and how to form the compound noun for [animal-] meat.

Dialog -

F: Minomaate i'iw waawaashkeshiiwi-wiiyaas.
M: Minomaaso a'aw ogaa.
* * * * * * * * * * * *
Here's a line-by-line breakdown:

F: Minomaate i'iw waawaashkeshiiwi-wiiyaas.

• "Waawaashkeshiiwi-wiiyaas" is a combination of "deer" and "meat" (although, see below). She's saying "That deer meat smells good."

M: Minomaaso a'aw ogaa.

• Here, "ogaa" (walleye) is an animate noun, so we need to use an animate form of the verb "smells good" - "minomaaso". In addition, we need to use the animate version of "that" - "a'aw". He says "That walleye smells good."  

New words this lesson:

• waawaashkeshiiwi-wiyaas - venison, deer-meat
• ogaa - walleye, walleyed-pike
• minomaaso - SOMETHING (animate) smells good

Note:

Often, when we want to talk about specific meats, we use the animal name and turn it into a verb, for example: waawaashkeshiiwi-wiyaas is deer+the verb wi (be [SOMETHING])-wiiyaas. So waawaashkeshiiwi then becomes a sort of preverb adjective for wiiyaas. In effect, what we're saying is "the deering meat" and not "deer-meat".

Other vocabulary:

• bizhiki - cow
• makwa - bear
• baaka'aakwenh - chicken
• gookooshi - pork
• bizhikiwi-wiiyaas - beef
• mako-wiiyaas - bear meat
• baaka'aakwenh-wiiyaas - chicken meat
• gookooshi-wiiyaas - pork

• ode'imin - strawberry

Here is another take on "smell":

• minomaam - enjoy the smell of SOMETHING
• Niminomaamaa ode'iminan. - I like the smell of strawberries.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 24

In this lesson, we do a little bit more practice with the imperative, and we also get some exposure to a VII verb and how it interacts with an inanimate object. I've included the relevant animate examples also in the vocabulary section, but there will be examples of their use in Lesson 25.

Dialog -

M: Biindigen!
F: Namadabin!
F: Wegonen menomaateg?
M: Minomaate i'iw wiiyaas.
M: Maamaanaan nitaa-jiibaakwe
* * * * * * * * * * * *

Here'a breakdown, line by line:

M: Biindigen!

• This was introduced in Lesson 19: "Enter/Come in!"

F: Namadabin!

• This was originally introduced in Summary, Lessons 1-10, but came up again in Lesson 19: "Sit!"

F: Wegonen minomaateg?

• minomaateg is actually a combination of the preverb "mino" and the verb "maate", meaning "smells good". I should note that "maate" one of a group a verbs that cannot be used on its own - it must be used with a preverb. She is asking "What smells so good?" Also notice that since we're using a question word, the verb must be in the conjunct (B-form) conjugation.

M: Minomaate i'iw wiiyaas.

• The word "i'iw" means "that", when referring to inanimate objects. "wiiyaas" means "meat (that is being cooked". So he's saying "That meat smells good."

M: Maamaanaan nitaa-jiibaakwe.

• "nitaa-" is a great preverb to know. it means to be good/an expert at [SOMETHING]. He's saying "Grandma is a great cook." Since nitaa- is attached to a verb, we could also think of it as "Grandma is great at cooking."

New words this lesson:

• nitaa- - skilled-, good at ...
• i'iw - that (inanimate)
• a'aw - that (animate)
• wiiyaas(an) - meat (inanimate)
• wiiyaas(ag) - flesh (animate)
• namadabi - sit (introduced in Summary, Lessons 1-10
• minomaate - SOMETHING smells good
• jiibaakwe - cook, prepare food (introduced in Summary, Lessons 1-10

Other vocabulary:

• gagwejichige - practice, try
• Giishpin gigagwejichige, giwii-nitaa-ojibwem. - If you practice, you'll speak Ojibwe well.

Note on intensifiers:

• Gichi-minomaate! - It smells really good! (gichi- can be added to VII type verbs as an intensifier.)

otherwise use niibowa following a VAI verb:

• Imbakade niibowa. - I'm really hungry.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 23

This lesson is all about hunting and fishing. In addition to the regular verb "giwose" (hunt), I've included more specific verbs and examples at the end of the lesson.

Dialog -

F: Ningii-waabamaa waawaashkeshi.
M: Ningii-waabamaag niswi waawaashkeshiwag.
M: Giwii-kiiwose na?
F: Gaawiin, niwii-kiiwosesii.
F: Henyaanh, niwii-kiiwose.
* * * * * * * * * * * *

And here's the line-by-line breakdown:

F: Ningii-waabamaa waawaashkeshi.

• Two new words, "waabam" (see somebody/something animate) and "waawaashkeshi" (deer). She says "I was a deer."

M: Ningii-waabamaag niswi waawaashkeshiwag.

• Here's a plural example: "I saw three deer." Notice that the verb "waabam" and  "waawaashkeshi" match in plural.

M: Giwii-kiiwose na?

• Here, "giiwose" changes to "kiiwose" when the prefix "giwii-" is added to ease pronunciation. He says "Are you going to hunt?"  

F: Gaawiin, niwii-kiiwosesii.

• "No, I am not going to hunt."

F: Henyaanh, niwii-kiiwose.

• "Yes, I'm going to hunt."

New words this lesson:

• waawaashkeshi - deer
• waabam - see [SOMEBODY/SOMETHING ANIMATE]

Other vocabulary:

• esiban - raccoon
• waagosh - fox
• Giwii-waabamaa esiban maagizhaa waagosh. - You'll see a raccoon or maybe a fox. (see the Animals page for other examples:)

In addition to the generic "giwose" (hunt) verb, there are more specific ways to say you're hunting for something. Here are some examples:

• nandawaabam - look for, search for, track
• maakinaw - wound
• Onandawaabamaan iniw gaa-maakinawaad waawaashkeshiwan. - He's looking for the deer he wounded.

The following incorporate both verb and object into a single word (however, notice the use of "nand" and "nood"):

• nandawenjige - hunt for fish for food
• nandawishibe - hunt ducks
• nandawaaboozwe - hunt rabbits
• noodamikwe - hunt beaver

• giniizhe - northern pike
• agwadaashi - sunfish
• nooji' - hunt for, go after (this verb is conjugated differently than others we've seen so far. See The Ojibwe People's Dictionary for conjugations.)
• Mekiskanikewaad onooji'aawaan ginoozhen. - Anglers fish for northern pikes.** Notice that the verb and object (ginoozhe) match as plural.
• Bijiinaago ingii-nooji'aag agwadaashiwag. - Yesterday I fished for sunfish (plural). ** Notice that the verb and object (agwadaashi) match as plural.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 22

This lesson is very short, concentrating on the "Let's" form of the imperative, and also introduces an important preverb meaning "go and...", as well as another verb.

I'm not adding any extra material to this lesson, because tomorrow's lessons will have plenty to work with.

Dialog -

M: Ambe! Awi-giiwosedaa.
F: Giwii-wewebanaabi na?
M: Ambe! Awi-wewebanaabiidaa!
* * * * * * * * * * * *

And here's the line-by-line breakdown:

M: Ambe! Awi-giiwosedaa.

• Here we'rre introduced to the preverb "awi-", meaning "go and...". He is saying "Come on, let's go and hunt."

F: Giwii-wewebanaabi na?

• Another new verb meaning to fish is introduced here. She's asking "Are you going fishing?"

M: Ambe! Awi-wewebanaabiidaa!

• Here we'll take advantage of both the new preverb and verb in the example. He's saying "Com on! Let's go and fish!"

New words this lesson:

• awi- - go and ... [DO SOMETHING]
• wewebanaabii - fish [by hook and line]

Stepping through a course - Lesson 21

Another very short dialog example in this lesson. The Pimsleur opening dialog is actually quite long, but everything in the dialog has been covered in previous lessons. The example that follows are for the most part new words and concepts. At the end of the lesson I also introduce three different ways to ask "Why?" and give examples.

Dialog - 
M: Nishwaaswaabik na gidayaawaa?
* * * * * * * * * * * *
F: Aaniish apii wii-kiiwoseyan?
M: Ishkwaa wiisiniyaan.
F: Aaniindi wii-kiiwoseyan?
M: Iwidi.
* * * * * * * * * * * *

Here's a line-by-line breakdown:

M: Nishwaaswaabik na gidayaawaa?

• A new word, nishwaaswi, combined with waabik to create "eight dollars". He's asking "Do yo have eight dollars?"

* * * * * * * * * * * *
F: Aaniish apii wii-kiiwoseyan?

• Another new word - a verb, giiwose, meaning hunt. She asks "When are you going hunting?"

M: Ishkwaa wiisiniyaan.

• Afer I eat.

F: Aaniindi wii-kiiwoseyan?

• As in the previous example, since it's a question word, we need to use the conjunct form of verb conjugation. She asks "Where will you hunt?/Where are you going to hunt?"

M: Iwidi.

• Over there.

* * * * * * * * * * * *
New words this lesson:

• nishwaaswi - eight
• zhaangaswi-  nine (nine dollars is formed the same as eight dollars: zhaangaswaabik)
• giiwose - hunt

Other vocabulary:

• mawi - cry
• ikido - say
• wegonen pro+onji-(wenji) - why
• Wegonen wenji-ikidoyan iw? - Why do you say that?
• aaniin-wenji - why
• Aaniin wenji-maajaayan? - Why are you leaving?
• aaniin dash wenji - why
• Aaniin dash wenji-mino-ayaasiwan? - Why are you not feeling well?
• Aaniin dash wenji-mawiyan? - Why are you crying?

Pimsleur Ojibwe Summary, Lessons 11-20

Just as I've done for Lessons 1-10, I've compiled a short list of all grammatical parts we've learned so far in Lessons 11-20. Again, the brown text is what we've actually learned through the Pimsleur course, noted with the lesson number, and the text in green is new vocabulary and example sentences I've added. Hopefully I'm able to show how easily a Pimelsur course can be augmented, without all that much extra work. Each lesson's supplementary material needed maybe a half hour more of time each day to compile and practice.

Here's what we learned in lessons 11 through 20:

preverbs
gichi- - great, very, big, a lot, Talk about the weather
oshki- - new, Lesson 15, Supplement
daa- - should; might; would, Lesson 16
gaa- -will; shall; should, Lesson 16
ando- - go and do [something], Lesson 19, Supplement
booni- - stop [doing something], Lesson 19, Supplement

adverbs
maagizhaa - maybe, perhaps, Lesson 11
zhebaa - this [past] morning, Lesson 13
waabang - tomorrow; dawn; morning, Lesson 13
waabang gigizheb - tomorrow morning, Lesson 13
gigizheb - morning; early morning, Lesson 13
ishkwaa- - after; completed; end of..., Lesson 13
jibwaa- - before, Lesson 13, Supplement
dibikak - dark; tonight, Lesson 14
ishkwaa-dibikak - after dark, Lesson 14, Supplement
jibwaa-dibikak - before dark, Lesson 14, Supplement
giishpin - if, Lesson 14, Supplement
aazha - already, Talk about the weather
megwaa - right now, Talk about the weather
minik - amount, Lesson 16
bijiinango - yeaterday, Basic past tense (VAI)
dibikong - last night, Basic past tense (VAI)
akawe - first; first of all, Lesson 19

interrogatives
gego - don't, Lesson 19, Supplement
ambe - come, come on, Lesson 20

nouns
asemaa - tobacco, Lesson 12
maamaanaan - grandmother, Lesson 12
bakwezhigan - bread, Lesson 12, Supplement
doodooshaaboo-bimide - butter, Lesson 12, Supplement
waawan/waawanoon - egg/eggs, Lesson 12, Supplement
gitigaanens/gitigaanensan - vegetable/vegetables, Lesson 12, Supplement
baabaanaan - grandfather (also means father), Lesson 13
niizh - two, Lesson 14
makizin/makizinan - shoe; moccasin, Lesson 15
mazina'igan/mazina'iganan - book, Lesson 15, Supplement
mazinaatesijigan/mazinaatesijiganan - television set, Lesson 15, Supplement
animosh/animoshag - dog, Lesson 15, Supplement
gaazhagens/gaazhagensag - cat, Lesson 15, Supplement
bineshiinh/bineshiinyag - bird, Lesson 15, Supplement
bezhig - one, Lesson 16
nimisenh - my older sister, Lesson 16
waabik - dollar, Lesson 16
gigozis - your son, Lesson 16, Supplement
nindaais - my daughter, Lesson 16, Supplement
obaabaayan - his father, Lesson 16, Supplement
midaaswi - ten, Lesson 17
zhooniyaa - silver; money, Lesson 17
opin/opiniig - potato; tuber, Lesson 18
maamaa - Lesson 18
niswi - three, Lesson 19
niiwin - four, Lesson 19
naanan - five, Lesson 19
ingodwaaswi - six, Lesson 20
niizhwaaswi - seven, Lesson 20

pronouns and demonstratives
wa'aw[e] - this, Lesson 16, Supplement
i'iw[e] - that, Lesson 16, Supplement
ni- - my, Lesson 16, Supplement
gi- - your, Lesson 16, Supplement
o--an - his/hers, Lesson 16, Supplement

verbs
naawakwe-wiisini - eat lunch, eat at midday, eat at noon, Lesson 11
naawakwe - be noon, be midday, Lesson 11izhichige - do [SOMETHING], Lesson 12
adaawe - buy, sell, traffic, trade, Lesson 12
niimi'idim - be a pow-wow, Lesson 14
biindige - enter; go in, Lesson 14
miigiwe - present; give, gift, contribute, Lesson 14
maajaa - leave, depart, Lesson 14, Supplement
anwaataa - finish, Lesson 14, Supplement
mino-giizhigad - a good/nice day, Talk about the weather
biiwan - blizzard, Talk about the weather
mizhakwad - clear, Talk about the weather
gisinaa - cold, Talk about the weather
gizhide - hot, Talk about the weather
gimiwan - raining, Talk about the weather
zoogipon - snowing, Talk about the weather
noodin - windy, Talk about the weather
nagamo - sing, Lesson 15, Supplement
biidoon - bring [SOMETHING], Lesson 16
biinaa - bring [SOMEBODY], Lesson 16
biigoshkaa - be broke, Lesson 17
ayaaw - have SOMETHING, Lesson 17
wiijiiw - go with [SOMEBODY], Lesson 19
abi - sit, Lesson 19, Supplement
zaagaam - go outside, Lesson 19, Supplement
giiwe - go home, Lesson 19, Supplement
goshgozi - wake up, Lesson 20, Supplement
gawishimo - lie down, go to bed, Lesson 20, Supplement
zhaaganaashiimo - speak English, Lesson 20, Supplement


Phrases learned in Lessons 11 through 20:


Lesson 11
Giwii-naawakwe-wiisin na?/Niwii-naawakwe-wiisin.
Wegonen waa-minikweyan aniibiishaaboo maagizhaa nibi?
Maagizhaa niwii-babaamose.
Wegonen waa-minikweyan, makade-mashkikiwaaboo maagizhaa doodooshaaboo?

Lesson 12
Niwii-izhichige gegoo.
Aniish waa-izhichigeyan?
Niwii-adaawen gegoo.
Wegonen waa-adaaweyan?
Asemaa niwii-adaawen.
Bakwezhigan niwii-adaawen.
Aaniin ezhichigeyan?

Lesson 13
Ishkwaa-wiisiniyaan.
Ishkwaa-wiisiniyaang.
Aaniish apii wii-niimi'idiwaad?
Ishkwaa-naawakweg.
Oodenaang jibwaa-izhaayaan, niwii-jiibaakwe.
Jibwaa-wiisiniyan, giwii-minikwen gegoo?
Ishkwaa-wiisiniyaan, niwii-nibaa.

Lesson 14
Aaniinidi niimi'iding?
Aaniish apii wii-biindigewaad?
Wii-miigiwewag na?/Wii-miigiwewag.
Ishkwaa-dibikak, aaniish niimi'idiwaad?
Niwii-maajaa jibaa-dibikak.
Jibwaa-waabang, giwii-anwaataa na?
Giishpin giwii-anwataa noongom, aaniish waa-izhichigeyan waabang?

Talk about the weather
Mino-giizhigad.
Gichi-gisinaa noongom.
Wii-mino-gizhide.
Wii-gimiwan dibikak.
Wii-zoogipon waabang.
Gimiwan minawaa.
Geyaabi gimiwan.
Megwaa gimiwan.
Megwaa gichi-zoogipon.
Maagizhaa wii-gizhide waabang.
Aazha zoogipon.
Wii-zoogipon dibikak.

Lesson 15
Niwii-adaawenan makizinan.
Niwii-adaawenan niizh oshkimazinaatesijiganan.
Animoshag nibaawag.
Gaazhagensag bakaded.
Bineshiinyag nagamod.

Lesson 16
Gidaa-biidoonan makizinan.
Gidaa-biinaa gimisenh.
Ingaa-biinaa na nimisenh?
Aaniish minik?
Bezhigwaabik.
Awenen wa'aw?
Wegonen i'iw?

Lesson 17
Gidayaawaa na zhooniyaa?/Gaawiin. Imbiigoshkaa.
Indayaawaa zhooniyaa.
Midaaswaabik na gidayaawaa?
Midaaswaabik indaaawaa.
Biigoshkaa? Henh. Gaawiin, odayaanziin zhooniyaa.
Gibaabaa na a'aw? Gaawiin, Nibaabaas aawisii.
Bakwezhigan giwii-adaawen na? Gaawiin, niwii-adaawesii.
Giwii-izhaa na iwidi adaawewigamigong? Gaawiin, Adaawewigamigong ni-wii-izhaasii.

Basic past tense
Gii-gisinaa agwajiing?
Awenen gii-minikweyan makade-mashkikiwaaboo?
Gigii-minikwe zhingobaaboo na?
Gigii-izhaa na iwidi niimi'iding bijiinaago?
Oodenaang nigii-izhaa dibikong.
Gaawiin ningii-izhaasii adaawewigamigong.

Lesson 18
Daga, adaawen opiniig.
Gibakade na?/Henyanh. Imbakade.
Gigiipwiisin na dibikong?/Gaawiin, Nigii-wiisin dinikong.
Giwii-adaawen mazina'igan?/Gaawiin. Azhaa ingii-adaawen mazin'igan.

Lesson 19
Akawe, daga, izhaan adaawewigamig.
Giwii-wiijiiw na?
Akawe, daga, wiisinidaa.
Ando-abin./Ando-abig.
Booni-wiisinin./Booni-wiisinig.
Bi-giiwen./Bi-giiweg.

Lesson 20
Ojibwemon!
Gidaa-ojibwem gaye giin.
Ambe, ojibwemodaa.
Gego maajaaken noongom!
Ambe goshkozig!
Gawishimon!
Ambe, maajaadaa!
Gego zhaaganaashiimoken!

Stepping through a course - Lesson 20

Another very short dialog example, continuing on with the imperative and a couple new numbers. I've also included a couple new words and some more imperative practice at the end of the lesson.

Dialog - 
F: Ojibwemon!
M: Gidaa-ojibwem gaye giin.
F: Ambe, ojibwemodaa.
* * * * * * * * * * * *

A line-by-line breakdown:

F: Ojibwemon!

• Speak Ojibwe!

M: Gidaa-ojibwem gaye giin.

• Remember that the daa- preverb also means should. He's replying "You should speak Ojibwe too/"

F: Ambe, ojibwemodaa.

• "Ambe" means "come on", So she says "Come on, let's speak Ojibwe."

* * * * * * * * * * * *


New words this lesson:

• daa- - should, ought, would (introduced in Lesson 16)
• ambe - come, come on
• gaye - also, too (introduced in Lesson 7)
• ingodwaaswi - six
• niizhwaaswi - seven

Other new vocabulary:

• goshgozi - wake up
• gawishimo - lie down, go to bed
• zhaaganaashiimo - speak English

More imperative practice:

• Gego maajaaken noongom! - Don't leave now!
• Ambe goshkozig! Come on everybody, wake up!
• Gawishimon! - Go to bed!
• Ambe, maajaadaa! - Come on, let's leave!
• Gego zhaaganaashiimoken! - Don't speak English!

We've now completed 2/3 of the course. The next post will be a summary and review of lessons 11-20.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 19

This lesson's dialog examples are really short, but I wanted to concentrate on the imperative, or giving commands, since we've already seen the "Let's" form and in this lesson we're introduced to the imperative for singular you. I've included a section at the end of the lesson with some new vocabulary that will help with imperatives.

Dialog - 
M: Akawe, daga, izhaan adaawewigamig.
* * * * * * * * * * * *
F: Giwii-wiijiiw na?
* * * * * * * * * * * *
F: Akawe, daga, wiisinidaa.
* * * * * * * * * * * *

Here's a line-by-line breakdown:

M: Akawe, daga, izhaan adaawewigamig.

• "Akawe" is a new word, meaning "first". He's sayng "First, please go to the store."

* * * * * * * * * * * *
F: Giwii-wiijiiw na?

• Here's a new verb, "wiijiiw", meaning "go with [someone]". So she's asking "Do you want to go with (me)?

* * * * * * * * * * * *

F: Akawe, daga, wiisinidaa.

• "First, let's eat."

* * * * * * * * * * * *

New words this lesson:

• akawe - first; first of all
• niswi - three
• niiwin - four
• naanan - five
• wiijiiw - go with SOMEBODY

Other new vocabulary:

• biindige - enter, go inside
• abi - sit
• zaagaam - go outside
• maajaa - leave
• giiwe - go home

• gego - don't

• ando- - go and do [something]
• booni- - stop [doing something]
• bi- - here, towards the speaker

The imperative is formed as follows:

For you singular, simply add an "n" to the verb stem. Example: Daga, wiisinin. (Please eat.)
For you plural, add a "g" to the verb stem. Example: Daga, wiisinig. (Everybody (all you people) eat.)
To say "Let's [do something]", we simply add "daa" to the verb stem. Example: Wiisinidaa. *Let's eat."

** Note that for verb stems ending in "m", the "m" is replaced with an "n" for you singular and plural before adding these suffixes. Example: Zaagaan, zaagaamog, zaagaandaa. (Go outside (sing), go outside (pl), let's go outside.)

To form the negative imperative, add "gego" (don't) before the verb and:

• add "ken" to the end of the verb stem for singular you - Gego wiisiniken. (Don't eat.)
• add "keg" to the end of the verb stem for plural you - Gego wiisinikeg. (Don't all of you eat.)
• add "sidaa" to the end of the verb stem for we - Gego wiisinisidaa. (Let's not eat.)

There are some preverbs we can also use, such as "go and [do something]", "stop [doing something]" and "come [do something]", too.
Here are some examples of the imperative using these preverbs "ando-", "booni-", and "bi-" (originally introduced in Summary, Lessons 1-10):

• Ando-abin. (Go sit.) - You singular
• Ando-abig. (Everybody (all of you) sit) - You plural

• Booni-wiisinin. (Stop eating.) - You singular
• Booni-wiisinig. (Everybody (all of you) stop eating.) - You plural

• Bi-giiwen. (Come home.) - You singular
• Bi-giiweg. (Everybody (all of you) come home.) - You plural

That's really all there is to the imperative. It'll be covered further in lesson 24, but I wanted to get started with its use earlier.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 18

A very short lesson, today. Just a couple new words, and a review of "are you going to/will you?" and "can I?", and then a supplemental review of the past tense again.

Dialog - 

M: giwii-izhaa na adaawewigamig?
F: niwii-izhaa adaawewigamig.
* * * * * * * * * * *
F: inga-biidoon na gegoo?
M: Daga, adaawen opiniig.
* * * * * * * * * * *
F: Gibakade na?
F: Henyanh. Imbakade.
* * * * * * * * * * *

Here's a breakdown, line by line:

M: giwii-izhaa na adaawewigamig?

• Are you going to go to the store?

F: niwii-izhaa adaawewigamig.

• I'm going to go to the store.

* * * * * * * * * * *

F: inga-biidoon na gegoo?

• Can I bring/get something?

M: Daga, adaawen opiniig.

• Two new words - daga, meaning "please" and opin, opiniig (pl), meaning "potato". He replies "Please, buy some potatoes."

* * * * * * * * * * *

F: Gibakade na?

• Are you hungry?

F: Henyanh. Imbakade.

• Yes, I'm hungry.

* * * * * * * * * * *

New words this lesson:

• daga - please; OK; well; come on
• adaawewigamig - store; trading-house (originally in Summary, Lessons 1-10)
• opin (opiniig, plural) - potato; tuber
• maamaa - mother (see Family Members reference page for more)
• adaawe - buy; sell; trade. (originally in Lesson 12)
• biidoon - fetch SOMETHING; bring SOMETHING. (originally in Lesson 16)
• bakade - be hungry (in Summary Lessons 1-10)

Other new words:

• azhaa - already (introduced in Talk about the weather)
• mazina'igan - book

And some continued practice with the past tense:

• Gigiipwiisin na dibikong? (Did you eat last night?)
• Gaawiin, Nigii-wiisin dinikong. (No, I didn't eat last night/)
• Giwii-adaawen mazina'igan? (Are you going to buy a book?)
• Gaawiin. Azhaa ingii-adaawen mazin'igan. (No, I already bought a book.)

Stepping through a course - Lesson 17

Another short dialog with just a couple new verbs, a noun, and a number. I've supplemented this lesson with how to form negative statements.

Dialog -

F: Gidayaawaa na zhooniyaa?
M: Gaawiin. Imbiigoshkaa.
F: Indayaawaa zhooniyaa.
* * * * * * * * * *
F: Midaaswaabik na gidayaawaa?
M: Midaaswaabik indaaawaa.
* * * * * * * * * * *

Here's a line-by-line breakdown:

F: Gidayaawaa na zhooniyaa?

• Both the new verb have [SOMETHING] (ayaaw] and the noun for money (zhooniyaa) are introduced. She's asking "Do you have any money?"

M: Gaawiin. Imbiigoshkaa.

• Another new verb, "biigoshkaa", meaning "to be broke" in this case. He answers "No. I'm broke."

F: Indayaawaa zhooniyaa.

• She says "I have some money."

* * * * * * * * * *
F: Midaaswaabik na gidayaawaa?

• We have a new number "midaaswi" (ten). When combined with waabik (dollar), the "wi" is dropped to form "midaaswaabik" (ten dollars). Notice that waabik is not in a plural form.  She asks "Do you have ten dollars?"

M: Midaaswaabik indaaawaa.

• He answers "I have ten dollars."

New words this lesson:

• midaaswi - ten
• zhooniyaa - silver; money
• biigoshkaa - be broke
• ayaaw - have SOMETHING

Forming negative sentences

We briefly saw how to form a negative verb conjugation back in lesson three with the verb nisidotan (understand) and in lesson seven with gikendan (know), as well as the sentence "Gaawiin,Anishinaabe-inini aawisii." (He is not an Anishinaabe man).

In all these cases we used "gaawiin" in front of the verb, and added either "sii" or "ziin" at the end of the verb. The basic rule is that if the verb ends in a vowel, it takes "sii" as the ending and if it ends in a consonant it takes "ziin" as the ending.

So, some practice with some verbs we've already learned.

• Biigoshkaa? Henh. Gaawiin, odayaanziin zhooniyaa. Is he broke? Yes. He has no money.
• Gibaabaa na a'aw? Gaawiin, Nibaabaas aawisii. Is that your father? No, that's not my father.
• Bakwezhigan giwii-adaawen na? Gaawiin, niwii-adaawesii. Do you want to buy some bread? No, I don't want to buy any.
• Giwii-izhaa na iwidi adaawewigamigong? Gaawiin, Adaawewigamigong ni-wii-izhaasii. Do you want to go to the store? No, I don't want to go to the store.

In a future post I'll go over how to form negatives for weather verbs, since they're slightly different.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 16

Another short dialog today, with a couple conditionals and the verb "to bring", both animate and inanimate.

We also have a new question, "How much?"

Dialog - 

M: Gidaa-biidoonan makizinan.
F: Gidaa-biinaa gimisenh.
M: Ingaa-biinaa na nimisenh?
F: Ingaa-biinaa na animosh?
* * * * * * * * * * * *
M: Aaniish minik?
F: Bezhigwaabik.
* * * * * * * * * * * *

A line-by-line breakdown:

M: Gidaa-biidoonan makizinan. 

• Here we have a new preverb, "daa", which functions as a conditional "should".  It's formed with the verb just as "wii" is - pronoun-tense marker-verb root. The verb, "bidoon", means "bring SOMETHING". So he says "You should bring your moccasins."

F: Gidaa-biinaa gimisenh. 

• We've got another new verb here, "binaa", also meaning "bring", but this is the animate verb, "bring SOMEBODY/SOME LIVING THING". We also have the word "gimisenh", meaning "your sister". She is saying "You should bring your sister."

M: Ingaa-biinaa na nimisenh? 

• The preverb "gaa" is a future tense preverb, and can mean "shall", or "should".  But because it's a question of possibility, it functions as "can" or "could". So he's asking "Can I bring my sister?" Again, sister has the possessive pronoun "ni" affixed at the beginning of the word.

F: Ingaa-biinaa na animosh? 

• This is the same concept using another animate noun, "animosh", "dog".  She is asking "Can I bring the dog?"

* * * * * * * * * * * *

M: Aaniish minik? 

• This new word "minik" means "amount". Literally, He asks "What amount" or "How much?"

F: Bezhigwaabik. 

• We have the number "one", "bezhig" attached to "waabik", literally meaning "metal", but here we are using it to denote currency. She's saying "One dollar."

* * * * * * * * * * * *

New words this lesson:

• daa- - should; might; would
• gaa- -will; shall; should
• bezhig - one
• nimisenh - my older sister
• animosh - dog
• waabik - dollar
• minik - amount
• Aaniish minik? - How much is it?
• biidoon - bring SOMETHING
• biinaa - bring SOMEBODY

Other vocabulary:

• wa'aw[e] - this 
• Awenen wa'aw? - Who's this?
• i'iw[e] - that
• Wegonen i'iw? -(What's that?

• gigozis - your son
• nindaais - my daughter
• obaabaayan - his father

Possessive pronouns. These are always attached to the beginning of relative words, such as son, daughter, brother, sister, etc.

• ni- My
• gi- Your
• o--an his/hers (Note that there is also a suffix added for the third person singular possessive.)

A list of other relatives and relationships can be reference here on the Family Members page. 

Stepping through a course - Lesson 15

This lesson, aside from the review dialog and a couple words, we'll focus on how to make plurals.

Dialog - 

F: Niwii-izhaa iwidi niimi'iding.
M: Giwii-izhaa na iwidi niimi'iding?
F: Henyanh, niwii-izhaa iwidi niimi'iding.
M: Niwii-adaawen gegoo iwidi niimi'iding.
F: Daga, izhaadaa.
M: Aaniish apii niimi'iding?
F: Waabang gigizheb.
* * * * * * * * * * * *
M: Niwii-adaawenan makizinan.
* * * * * * * * * * * *

Here's a line-by-line breakdown:

F: Niwii-izhaa iwidi niimi'iding.

• We learned the verb "izhaa" in the summary of lessons 1-10, but it is reintroduced here. She is saying "I want to go (there) to the pow-wow.

M: Giwii-izhaa na iwidi niimi'iding?

• "Do you want to go (there) to the pow-wow?"

F: Henyanh, niwii-izhaa iwidi niimi'iding.

• "Yes, I want to go (there) to the pow-wow."

M: Niwii-adaawen gegoo iwidi niimi'iding.

• We also learned the verb "adaawe" (buy) in the summary of lesson 1-10. He is saying "I want to buy something (there) at the pow-wow."

F: Daga, izhaadaa.

• In lesson 8, we learned that "daga" means "please" or "come on". "Izhaadaa" is the 3rd person imperative for "go", so she is saying "Come on, let's go."

M: Aaniish apii niimi'iding?

• "When is the pow-wow."

F: Waabang gigizheb.

• "Tomorrow morning." (Learned in lesson 13.)

* * * * * * * * * * * *

M: Niwii-adaawenan makizinan.

• "makezin" is a new word, meaning "moccasin". There's an "an" ending, making it plural. He says "I want to buy moccasins."

New words this lesson:

• makizin - shoe, moccasin
• izhaa - go [SOMEWHERE] (We actually learned this in the Summary and review of Lessons 1-10)

A note on plurals.

Forming plurals in Ojibwe is done in two ways, one for animate objects and one for inanimate objects.

As we see with the inanimate moun "makizin", we only need to add an "an" to it to make it plural (makizinan). If the noun ends in a vowel, just an "n" is added.

For animate mouns, an "ag" is added when the noun ends in a consonant or "wag" when the noun ends in a vowel. So let's take a look at the word "ikwe" (woman). To make it plural (women), we simply add "wag" since it ends in an "e", making "ikwewag".

Another example of a word ending in a consonant is "waakaa'igan" (house). To make it plural, we simply add "an" to the end, making it "waakaa'iganan" (houses).

Here are a few new words to practice making plurals:

Inanimate nouns -

• mazina'igan (book), plural form is mazina'iganan
• mazinaatesijigan (television set), plural form is mazinaatesijiganan

Animate nouns - 

• animosh (dog), plural form is animoshag
• gaazhagens (cat), plural form is gaazhagensag
• bineshiinh (bird), plural form is bineshiinyag (because bineshiinh ends in a nasalized 'nh", we change the "nh" to a "ny".

Example sentences:

• oshki- (new), attach to beginning of the noun
• Niwii-adaawenan niizh oshkimazinaatesijiganan.  * (I want to buy two new television sets.)
• Animoshag nibaawag. * (The dogs are sleeping.)
• Gaazhagensag bakaded. * (The cats are hungry.)
• nagamo (sing)
• Bineshiinyag nagamod.  * (The birds are singing.)

* The verb must also be plural.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 14

We've got a couple new verbs this lesson, and I've also introduced another conjunction (adv) to be able to create more dependent clauses.

Dialog - 

F: Aaniindi niimi'idiwaad? Aaniinidi niimi'iding?
M: Aaniish apii wii-biindigewaad?
F: Wii-miigiwewag na?
M: Henh. Wii-miigiwewag. 


Breaking it down line by line:

F: Aaniindi niimi'idiwaad? Aaniinidi niimi'iding? 

• A new verb - "niimi", meaning dance, and with the third persona plural (they). Also notice the word "niimi'iding". It's actually a verbal form of "being at a pow-wow". So she asks "Where are they dancing? Where is the pow-wow?"

M: Aaniish apii wii-biindigewaad? 

• Another new verb - biindige, means "come in" or enter". Again, the third persona plural (they) is used. He asks "When are they coming in?" This is in reference to the Grand Entry, which is part of the pow-wow ceremony.

F: Wii-miigiwewag na? 

• And another new verb - miigiwe, means "give", "present" or "gift". The "wag" ending tells us it's third person plural again. She's asking "Will they be having a giveaway? (Will they be giving away?, literally) This is another ceremonial piece of the pow-wow.

M: Henh. Wii-miigiwewag. 

• He responds "Yes, they're going to have a giveaway."

New words for this lesson:

• dibikak - dark; tonight - In the oral drills but I've provided an example below
• niizh - two - Numbers are beginning to be slowly introduced. a complete list can be found on the right sidebar.
• niimi'idim - be a pow-wow
• biindige - enter; go in
• miigiwe - present; give; gift; grant; contribute

Other vocabulary to add into the mix:

• ishkwaa-dibikak - after dark
• Ishkwaa-dibikak, aaniish niimi'idiwaad? (After dark, will they dance?)
• jibwaa-dibikak - before dark
• maajaa - leave, depart
• Niwii-maajaa jibaa-dibikak. (I'll leave before dark.)
• anwaataa - finish
• Jibwaa-waabang, giwii-anwaataa na? (Will you finish before tomorrow?)
• giishpin - if
• Giishpin giwii-anwataa noongom, aaniish waa-izhichigeyan waabang? (If you finish today, what will you do tomorrow?)

With the introduction if "giishpin" we have another way to create a dependent, or subordinate clause.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 13

In this lesson we have some new words relating to days and parts of the day, such as tomorrow and morning. I've also included a note at the end regarding the use of "after" (introduced in this lesson) and "before", introduced in my "Other vocabulary" section.

Dialog - 

M: Aaniish apii asemaa wii-adaaweyan?
F: Ishkwaa-wiisiniyaan.
M: Ishkwaa-wiisiniyaang.
F: Aaniish apii wii-niimi'idiwaad?
M: Ishkwaa-naawakweg.


Breaking it down line by line:

M: Aaniish apii asemaa wii-adaaweyan?

• When will you buy tobacco?

F: Ishkwaa-wiisiniyaan.

• Here is the new word/preverb for "after". he answers "After I eat."

F: Aaniish apii wii-niimi'idiwaad?

• "When are they dancing?"

M: Ishkwaa-naawakweg.

• "After noon". The "eg" ending on "naawakweg" means "in" or "on", so this sentence could be translated as "in the afternoon."

New words this lesson (many of these were only introduced in the oral exercises, so they're extra vocabulary to play with):

• zhebaa - this [past] morning
• waabang - tomorrow; dawn; morning
• waabang gigizheb - tomorrow morning
• gigizheb - morning; early morning
• ishkwaa- - after; completed; end of...
• baabaanaan - grandfather (also means father)

Other vocabulary

• jibwaa- - before

*** A note about the preverbs ishkwaa- and jibwaa-

These two preverbs are important for our progress. With them, we can now begin to form more complex sentences with dependent clauses.
As such, when using "after" and "before" as a preverb, the verb must always be in conjunct form (yaan, 1st person singular and yan, 2nd person singular). As long as the person matches in both the main and dependent clause ("before/after I... [do something], I... [will/want to do something]" or "before/after you... [do something], you... [will/want to do something]"), the conjunct form can be thought of as "before/after [verb]ing"

Example sentences:
Oodenaang jibwaa-izhaayaan, niwii-jiibaakwe. (Before going/I go to town, I want to cook.)
Jibwaa-wiisiniyan, giwii-minikwen gegoo? (Before eating/you eat, do you want to drink something?)
Ishkwaa-wiisiniyaan, niwii-nibaa. (After eating/after I eat, I want to sleep.)

In these examples, the dependent, or subordinate clause comes before the main clause.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 12

Another short lesson. Only a couple new nouns and two more verbs, but important ones, and one of them was already introduced in my Summary of Lessons 1 through 10.

Dialog - 

M: Niwii-izhichige gegoo.
F: Aniish waa-izhichigeyan?
M: Niwii-adaawen gegoo.
F: Wegonen waa-adaaweyan?
M: Asemaa niwii-adaawen.
* * * * * * * * * * * *
M: Maamaanaan, giwii-wiisin na?
F: Gaawiin noongom; baanimaa.
M: Maamaanaan, aaniish apii wii-minikweyan aniibiishaaboo?


A line-by-line breakdown:

M: Niwii-izhichige gegoo.

• Here's one of the two new verbs, "izhichige" (do [something]). It needs an object [something] and can't be used on its own. He's saying "I'm going to do something," **

F: Aniish waa-izhichigeyan?

• Here "Aniish" means "What", so she is asking "What are you going to do?" **

M: Niwii-adaawen gegoo.

• I introduced this verb "adaawe" (buy) in my summary of Lessons 1-10. He's responding "I'm going to buy something." **

F: Wegonen waa-adaaweyan?

• She asks "What are you going to buy?" **

M: Asemaa niwii-adaawen.

• Here's a new noun, "asemaa", meaning tobacco. He's answering "I'm going to buy tobacco." **

** In all these cases, -wii- and waa- can be used as "going to"

* * * * * * * * * * * *

M: Maamaanaan, giwii-wiisin na?

• Here's our second new noun, "maamaanaan".  In the audio, we're told it means "grandmother", but it is also a way to say "Mother Earth", and is also used to speak affectionately to an elder woman. So he is asking "Would you like to eat?", with the affectionate title of "maamaanan".

F: Gaawiin noongom; baanimaa.

• As we've already learned, "noongom means either "today" or "now". She responds "Not now; later."

M: Maamaanaan, aaniish apii wii-minikweyan aniibiishaaboo?

• "When would you like to drink tea?", again affectionately referring to her as "maamaanan".

New words this lesson:

• asemaa - tobacco
• maamaanaan - grandmother
• izhichige (vai) - do [SOMETHING]; act so
• adaawe (vai) - buy; sell; traffic; trade; deal

Let's add some more vocabulary that fits in with buying things:

• bakwezhigan (bread) Bakwezhigan niwii-adaawen. (I'll buy some bread.)
• doodooshaaboo-bimide (butter)
• waawan/waawanoon (egg/eggs)
• gitigaanens/gitigaanensan (vegetable/vegetables)

• Adaawewigamigong ni-wii-izhaa. (I'm going to the store.) (Already introduced in Summary of Lessons 1-10).

• Aaniin ezhichigeyan? (What are you doing?) Here, "aaniin" functions as "what".

Ojibwe verbs are... complicated, and I don't want to introduce types of verbs that we've not yet learned in the lessons, so for now I'm sticking with VAI verbs.

Stepping through a course - Lesson 11

This is a very short lesson. I think beginning with this lesson, in addition to just giving the translation of each sentence and introducing any new vocabulary, I'll also include a couple more example sentences of my own. It's time to start getting used to creating my own output.

Dialog - 

M: Giwii-naawakwe-wiisin na?
F: Henyanh. Niwii-naawakwe-wiisin.
M: Wegonen waa-minikweyan aniibiishaaboo maagizhaa nibi?
F: Nibi niwii-minikwen.

And the line-by-line breakdown:

M: Giwii-naawakwe-wiisin na?

• We have a new word - naawakwe, which is a verb meaning "be noon"/"be midday. When combined with "wiisin" we create a new verb meaning "eat lunch". So the sentence reads "Do you want to eat lunch?"

F: Henyanh. Niwii-naawakwe-wiisin.

• "Yes. I want to eat lunch"

M: Wegonen waa-minikweyan, aniibiishaaboo maagizhaa nibi?

• Another new word here: "maagizhaa", means "maybe" or perhaps". When stuck between two nouns or objects, it means "or". So he asks: "What would you like to drink, tea or water? Remember that because we're using the question word  for "what" (wegonen), we need to use the conjunct conjugation of minikwe.

F: Nibi niwii-minikwen.

• I want to drink water.

New words this lesson:

• maagizhaa - maybe; perhaps; or
• naawakwe-wiisini - eat lunch; eat at midday; eat at noon
• naawakwe (vii) -be noon; be midday

A couple new phrases mixed in with what we've already learned:

• Maagizhaa niwii-babaamose. (Maybe I'll go for a walk.)
• Wegonen waa-minikweyan, makade-mashkikiwaaboo maagizhaa doodooshaaboo? (What would you like to drink, coffee or milk?)  
• Giwii-naawakwe-wiisin noongom? (Will you eat lunch today?)

Progressing further through the course, we'll keep producing our own sentences at the end of each lesson. 

Pimsleur Ojibwe Summary, lessons 1-10

Pimsleur sort of gets a bad rap in some language-learning circles, due to the limited amount of vocabulary it teaches. With this review of the first ten lessons, I want to demonstrate that it doesn't have to be that way. We can extend what we're learning with a little bit of thought and legwork. I've only used an online dictionary to supplement what we've already learned. No new grammar is introduced. I've recommended the Ojibwe People's Dictionary before, and it's what I used.

I'm at an advantage because I found some good grammar explanations and not-so-exact dialog transcripts for the course online, but I should also note that this Ojibwe course is better than some of the other Pimsleur courses I've seen. It's not a copy of the same dialog in every other language course that Pimsleur sells, so it's more tailored to the language's special characteristics.

The following is a short list of all grammatical parts we've learned so far in lessons one through ten. The brown text is what we've actually learned, noted with the lesson number. The text in green is new vocabulary I've added, with example sentences using only the grammatical rules we've learned up to this point. Some of the vocabulary will be introduced in later Pimsleur lessons, but I chose to add them into the mix now, because they require no further grammar knowledge and can easily extend what we've already learned.

At the end of this review I've also included a list of basic phrases learned, broken down by lesson number.

I plan on doing a review like this of lessons 11 through 20 and 21 through 30, too, once we've completed them.

So here's the breakdown of what we've learned so far:

preverbs
ga- future tense marker (will), Lesson 1
izhi- thus; so; such, Lesson 2
mino- good; nice; well, Lesson 2
maazhi- bad; unwell; ill-formed, Lesson 3
wii - future tense (want to, would like to), Lesson 6
gichi-/chi- large; big; much; very, Lesson 10

bi- toward, here, this way
Come here (Bi-izhaan omaa.)

adverbs
eta go - just, only, Lesson 1
gaawiin - no, Lesson 1
henh/henhyanh - yes, Lesson 1
miinawaa - again, also, too, Lesson 1
gaye - also; too; and; as well, Lesson 7
niibowa - much; a lot, Lesson 7
apii - then; while; at that time, Lesson 8
baanimaa - later; afterwards, Lesson 8
baanimaa apii - after a while; later on, Lesson 8
noongom - now; present; today, Lesson 8

still, yet (geyaabi)
I'm still hungry. (Geyaabi imbakade,)

soon (wayiiba)
I'm going to cook soon (Wayiiba niwii-jiibaakwe.)

always (moozhag)
I always drink water. (Moozhag nibi niminikwe,)

interrogative
aaniish (questions word) - what?; how?; why?, Lesson 2
aaniindi (question word) where?, Lesson 5
Where are you going?
aaniish apii - when?, Lesson 8
wegonen - what?, Lesson 9

who (Awenen)
Whos is this?, Who is that? (Awenen wa'aw?, Awenen a'aw?)

noun
Anishinaabe - Human; Indian; People; Person, Lesson 1
Ojibwe - Ojibwa , Lesson 1
inini - man; person, Lesson 3
ikwe - woman, Lesson 3
Zhaaganaashi - English; Irish; Scottish; British; Anglo-Canadian. Colloquially: non-Native; White, Lesson 4
zaaga'igan - lake, Lesson 5
giniw - eagle, Lesson 8
waabigwan - flower, Lesson 8
waakaa'igan - building; house; cabin; fort, Lesson 10
nibi - water, Lesson 10
aniibiishaaboo - tea, Lesson 10

coffee (makade-mashkikiwaaboo)
milk (doodooshaaboo)
beer (bilewaagoo)
food (miijim)


I want to buy coffee, milk, beer (Object + ni-wii-adaawen.)
Makade-mashkikiwaaboo ni-wii-adaawen.
Doodooshaaboo ni-wii-adaawen.
Bilewaagoo ni-wii-adaawen. 

Will you buy milk? (Gi-wii-adaawen doodooshaaboo?)

river (ziibi) (Gichi-ziibing is Mississippi River)
city/town (gichi-oodena/oodena)
store/shop (adaawewigamig)


I want to go to the store, city, river (Place +(ang/ing/ong) + ni-wii-izhaa)
Adaawewigamigong ni-wii-izhaa.
Oodenaang ni-wii-izhaa.
Ziibing ni-wii-izhaa.

pronoun and demonstrative
ni/in/ind/indo and gi/gid/gido 1st and 2nd person singluar, Lesson 1
niin - I, me, my, Lesson 2
giin - you, your, yours, Lesson 2
aawi - he, she, it, Lesson 3
a'aw (demonstrative) - that (one), Lesson 4
-wag (conjunct) - third person plural: they; their; them; theirs verbal conjugation, Lesson 5
iwidi (demonstrative) - over there; yonder; that way, Lesson 5
omaa (demonstrative)- over here; hither; this way, Lesson 5
gegoo - something, Lesson 7

this (one) (wa'aw/wa'awe)
Whos is this? (Awenen wa'awe?)

verb
aawi (vai) - is; am; be; are, Lesson 1
ojibwemo (vai) - speak the Ojibwa language, Lesson 1
waabam (vta) -find SB; see SB, Lesson 1
giizhigad (vii) - be day; be light, Lesson 2
ayaa (vai) - am; be, Lesson 2
nisidotam (vai2) - understand, Lesson 3
bakade (vai) - hunger; be hungry; be starving, Lesson 4
onjibaa (vai) - come from SOMEWHERE; originate from SOMEWHERE, Lesson 5
niimi'idi+wag (vai) - dance (with each other), Lesson 5 (always plural)
gikendan (vti) - know SOMETHING, Lesson 6
minikwe (vai) - drink, Lesson 7
daa (vai) - reside; live at; home; stay, Lesson 9
miijin (vti3) - eat ST, Lesson 9

go (izhaa)
I'm going to the city. (Gichi-oodenaang nindizhaa.)

come (izhaa)
Come to the restaurant (Bi-izhaan wiisiniwigamigong,) ** Notice the "bi-" preverb

buy (adaawe)
I'll buy food. (Ni-wii-miijimadaawe) ** Notice that "food" and "buy" are combined to form a new verb "buy food"

cook (jiibaakwe)
She is still cooking. (Geyaabi jiibaakwe.)

thirst/be thirsty (giishkaabaagwe)
I'm thirsty. (Ningiishkaabaagwe.)
Are you thirsty? (Giishkaabaagwe na?)

sit (namadabi)
He's sitting over there. (Namadabi iwidi.)

stand (niibawi)
I want to stand (Ni-wii-niibawi,)

go for a walk/stroll (babaamose)
I will go for a walk. (Ni-wii-babaamose.)

sleep (nibaa)
I want to sleep. (Ni-wii-nibaa.)

interjection/salutation
Aaniin - Hello, Lesson 1
boozhoo (interjection particle) - hello, Lesson 2
miigwech - thank you (discourse particle), Lesson 2
ahaaw - OK; alright [male usage], Lesson 7
daga - please; by all means, Lesson 9

other particles
na - question marker, Lesson 1
dash (contrastive particle) - used after words ending in a vowel or n, Lesson 2
igo - express assertiveness, express affirmation after words ending in a consonant, Lesson 6


Basic phrases learned in Lessons 1 through 10:

Lesson 1
Aaniin.
Anishinaabe na gidaaw?
Henh/Henhyanh
Anishinaabe indaaw.
Gidoojibwem na?
Gaawiin.
Bangii eta go.
Indoojibwem.
Giga-waabamin, miinawaa.

Lesson 2
Giin dash?
Boozhoo.
Aaniish ezhi-ayaayan?
Miigwech.
Nimino-ayaa.
Mino-giizhigad

Lesson 3
Nimaanzhi-ayaa.
Ninisidotanziin.

Lesson 4
Imbakade.
Ninisidotam.
Ginisidotam/Ginisidotam na?
Ninisidotanziin.
Zhaaganaashi aawi.
Anishinaabe-inini na a'aw?
Anishinaabe-inini aawisii.
Zhaaganaashi-inini a'aw.
Zhaaganaashiikwe na a'aw?
Zhaaganaashiikwe aawisii.
Anishinaabe aawi.
Zhaaganaashi na gidaaw?

Lesson 5
Aaniindi.
Wenjibaayan?
Mii omaa.
Zaaga'igan?
Iwidi/Iwidi na?
Omaa na?
Niimi'idiwag iwidi./Niimi'idiwag (mii) omaa.

Lesson 6
Ingikendaan.
Gigikendaan./Gigikendaan na?
Ingikendanziin.
Giwii-wiisin na giin?
Niwii-wiisin igo.

Lesson 7
Aaniish ezhi-ayaayan giin?
Nimino-ayaa/Nimino-ayaa niin.
Gaye niin.
Gegoo na giwii-minikwen?
Gegoo niwii-minikwen.
Niwii-minikwe eta go.
Miigwech niibowa.
Ahaaw.

Lesson 8
Aaniish apii wii-wiisiniyan?
Baanimaa.
Baanimaa apii.
Noongom.

Lesson 9
Giwii-wiisin na endaayaan?
Daga wiisinidaa iwidi/onaa endaayan.
Wegonen waa-miijiyan?
Aaniindi wii-wiisiniyan?

Lesson 10
Niwii-wiisin iwidi Chi-waakaa'igan.
Wegonen waa-minikweyan?
Nibi niwii-minikwen.
Nibi na giwii-minikwen?
Aniibiishaaboo na giwii-minikwen?